Systematic national records of crop damage are not kept and growers are. We describe a taqman realtime quantitative pcr detection system, which can rapidly identify f. Anthocoridae for the control of frankliniella occidentalis on cucumber and pepper in the united kingdom. Araya 1, tomislav curkovic y herman zarate2 agricultura tecnica chile 672. Thripidae, was first described in california in 1895, and since the 1970s, it had invaded much of the world and became dominant population in most of the areas where it had been introduced kirk and terry 2003, morse and hoddle 2006. Summary notes for western flower thrips and banded greenhouse thrips embryogenesis in support of published visual data i. Upon ingestion, virions travel into the midgut where the virus replicates.
Ornamental crops at risk include cut flowers, especially roses and. There are more than 160 species listed in the genus frankliniella which can make correct identification difficult and require microscopic examination. Body either yellow with faint shadings on tergites and antennal segments viviii brown, or brown with pronotum, tibiae and tarsi paler,and antennae brown with segments iiiv yellow at base. Categories have been assigned by the eppo secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, is an economically important pest in field crops and greenhouses and it is the most efficient vector of tomato spotted wilt virus tswv, the type species of the genus tospovirus. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips, is a representative of the order thysanoptera. However frankliniella occidentalis pergande, thrips major uzel and thrips tabaci lindeman were found commonly in citrus plantations, 12. Western flower thrips wft, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, causes russetting, pansy spot and silvering damage on plums. Despite routine insecticide applications for thrips control, some plum producers report economic losses due to pansy spot damage. Feeding by the adults and larvae can result in flecking on the surface of fruit and under heavy infestations, fruit deformity.
Thrips 1 transmission of tospoviruses dorith 1 rotenberg, alana l jacobson2, derek j schneweis1 and anna e whit. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Thripidae from the asianpacific area chinling wang, fengchyi lin, yichung chiu, and hsientzung shih applied zoology division, taiwan agricultural research institute, 189 chungcheng road, wufeng, taichung 4, taiwan. The western flower thrips is a major agricultural and garden pest, affecting hundreds of cultivated and weedy species. Pdf evaluation of host plants for the production of the. Inra versailles pupa frankliniella occidentalis pergande basf damage on lettuce frankliniella occidentalis pergande basf detailed picture of damage on lettuce. Striking differences were observed in number, position and ducting of the. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Western flower thrips wft frankliniella occidentalis, is a. An analysis of western flower thrips occidentalis in. Frankliniella occidentalis, integrated pest management, invasion. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis management on ornamental crops grown in greenhouses. Reported as a pest for several greenhouse hosts and woody ornamentals. The western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera.
The compounds were identified as rlavandulyl acetate and neryl s2methylbutanoate by comparison with synthetic standards using gas chromatography gc, gcmass spectrometry ms. Effects of thrips feeding on tospovirus transmission. Western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis is a major global pest of agricultural products. Withincrop air temperature and humidity outcomes on spatiotemporal distribution of the key rose pest frankliniella occidentalis.
Morphological and dna barcoding evidence for invasive pest trips, trips. Al fine di programmare i trattamenti chimici adeguati, e essenziale impiantare delle trappole. Opie eggs deposited on a flower petal frankliniella occidentalis pergande rasplus j. Western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande, has become a pest of tomato in the southeast by causing direct cosmetic damage to fruit and by transmitting tomato spotted wilt virus. This species of thrips is native to the southwestern united states but has spread to other continents, including europe, australia where it was identified in may 1993, and south america via transport of infested plant material. Some species are widely known as crop pests frankliniella occidentalis, frankliniella intonsa, frankliniella schultzei all of them vectors of tospoviruses and frankliniella williamsi. The internal morphology of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera.
Thripidae that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult females. For example, florida flower thrips, frankliniella bispinosa can only be differentiated from the caribbean species, f. An evaluation of frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. Frankliniella occidentalis as well as frankliniella schultzei and frankliniella. Distribution of infested plant material is one of the pri mary means of longdistance spread of wft brodsgaard 1993. Common blossom thrips, frankliniella schultzei insecta. Maria elena garrido cinthia pichincura pedro rain mirko huichaqueo. Pdf new record of western flower thrips, frankliniella.
The western flower thrips, however, is considered the most important vector. Biological control of thrips with neoseiulus cucumeris and. Investigation into the apparent failure of chemical control. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Western flower thrips wft is the primary thrips species encountered by greenhouse producers and is extremely polyphagous, feeding on a widevariety of horticultural crops grown in both commercial and research greenhouses brodsgaard. Taqman realtime quantitative pcr for identification of. At the start of the growing season, blue sticky traps suspended from the. Molecular footprint of frankliniella occidentalis from india. Thripidae 3 the interocellar setae arise along an imaginary line across the front edges of the two hind ocelli.
Seasonal abundance of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis in the arava valley of israel. Ctenidia present on tergite viii and it lies anterior to spiracle. Pdf sampling for estimating frankliniella species flower. Pdf a necrosis disease of chrysanthemum caused by tomato spotted wilt virus was. The spread of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Jun 27, 2005 two major components have been detected in the headspace volatiles of adult male frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. Frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips by. Thripidae wft, a primary vector of tomato spotted wilt virus tswv, was shown to bear certain similarities to other thrips species, particularly in the composition of the piercingsucking feeding structures. Consequently, it was attempted to combine the application of n. Population dynamics of frankliniella occidentalis pergande. Some preferred hosts include hibiscus, ficus, poinsettia, impatiens, difffenbrachia, philodendrom, and syngonium. Control of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pupae with metarhizium anisopliae in peat and peat alternative growing media. Along with the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, tswv is also vectored by other thrips species present in hawaii including yellow flower thrips frankliniella schultzei, onion thrips thrips tabaci, and chili thrips scirtothrips dorsalis. Investigation into the apparent failure of chemical.
Despite routine insecticide applications for thrips control, some plum producers report economic losses due to pansy spot damage, pits and holes that render fruit unfit for export. Since the 1970s frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many countries to become one of the most important agricultural pests of ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops globally. Per saperne di piu sul ciclo biologico e sui sintomi di danno da tripide occidentale dei fiori frankliniella occidentalis. This insect order is composed exclusively of tiny insects commonly called thrips, and. Rna interference tools for the western flower thrips. Whether frankliniella occidentalis, the vector of tswv is associated with the disease. The postocular setae are slightly shorter than interocellar setae on the head of adult female f. Usa, were selected to determine the virus titer tswvn per sex and to combine. The maxillae then ingest the fluids from the cells, but not directly from the vascular tissue. An analysis of western flower thrips occidentalis in lemons.
Withincrop air temperature and humidity outcomes on. Interceptions of species of the genus frankliniella in the netherlands. Whether frankliniella occidentalis, the vector of tswv is associated with the disease was looked into by. Once tswv is acquired by an efficient vector, the thrips will transmit the virus for its entire life. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis management. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Damage and symptoms damage and symptoms frankliniella occidentalis western flower thrips biology and life cycle management host and distribution management background classification biology and life cycle hosts and distributions damage and.
A necrosis disease of chrysanthemum caused by tomato spotted wilt virus was reported in recent years in tamil nadu, a southern state of india. Compositional studies of telfairia occidentalis leaves. Tomato chlorotic spot virus, frankliniella occidentalis, f. Laboratory studies have confirmed florida flower thrips is also a capable vector of the tomato spotted wilt virus tswv tospovirus avila et al. Thripidae as prey supply for its controllers article pdf available april 2010 with 497 reads. Frankliniella occidentalis and hercinothrips femoralis embryogenesis laboratory notes.
Seasonal occurrence of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Pdf introduction of frankliniella occidentalis and occurrence of. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande 4 biology and behavior western flower thrips has a punchingsucking feeding habit, using the mandible to punch a hole into the host and then inserting the maxillae into the opening. However, this species is variable in size and colour, the dark brown form being more common at low temperatures, and the pale yellow form at higher temperatures, but. The tree was constructed by the neighborjoining method. Pronotum with 2 pairs of large setae on anterior margin. Aug 23, 2010 western flower thrip frankliniella occidentalis is a major global pest of agricultural products. It directly damages crops through feeding, oviposition activity or transmission of several plant viruses.
Adult females appear in the heads of sunflower just as the latter begin to blossom. Virulence and efficacy of different entomopathogenic nematode species against western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis. Adult females lay individual eggs on the small fruit inside of the flower resulting in halo spots. Common blossom thrips, frankliniella schultzei trybom insecta. Polyphagous, but particularly damaging on tomatoes, peppers, lettuce and other leafy vegetables, and curcubits. Pesticide resistance can have a negative impact on integrated pest management programmes with chemical control as. The western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande is an invasive pest insect in agriculture. Thripidae as a vector of the tomato spotted wilt virus in pepper y olanda a vila 1, j ulianne s tavisky 1, s ara h ague, j oe f underburk 1, s tuart r eitz 2 and t im m omol 1 1 north florida research and education center, university of florida, 155 research road, quincy, fl 32351 2.
Management of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergandaethysanoptera, thripidae on strawberries. Thripidae is a serious pest on a wide range of crops throughout the world. Evaluation of host plants for the production of the thrips frankliniella occidentalis thysanoptera. General information about frankliniella occidentalis franoc. Aside from damage due to feeding, its ability to act as a vector for viruses makes it particularly problematic. Feb 09, 2015 the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera. They correspond to an evaluation of the biological importance of the host plant for the pest concerned, together with the economic importance of this plant for the eppo region. Western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pergande.
Biologicalcontrol of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande thysanoptera, thripidae, in glasshouse sweetpeppers with orius spp hemiptera, anthocoridae a comparativestudy between o. Control of western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis pupae with metarhizium anisopliae in peat. Under field conditions, tswv spreads from plant to plant by multiple species of thrips, primarily the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis 4. Control biologico del trips frankliniella occidentalis. Insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips. Pdf management of western flower thrips, frankliniella. Frankliniella occidentalis is very similar to frankliniella borinquen with differences in the shape of pedicel of antennal segment iii frankliniella borinquen has a pedicel swollen, with edged ring surmounted by a distinctive swelling and a slightly flared collar. Pdf the important quarantine pest frankliniella occidentalis was found in albania for the first time in.